Battlefield Tour: From Orsogna to Cassino
In the Footsteps of the 2nd New Zealand Division & the 28th (Māori) Battalion
This battlefield tour follows the journey of the 2nd New Zealand Division, including the 28th (Māori) Battalion, from the front lines at Orsogna to the decisive battles at Monte Cassino. Designed as a two-day immersive itinerary, the tour blends historical analysis, battlefield exploration, and local memory.
Two-Day Itinerary Overview
Day 1 – Orsogna Battlefield Tour
Orsogna Town Center – Piazza Giuseppe Mazzini
Discover the strategic hilltop town that was fiercely defended by German forces in December 1943. The narrow streets and high ground made it a vital strongpoint.
Corso Umberto I and San Rocco Church
Key location of urban fighting during Operation Torso. The church marked the edge of New Zealand progress.
Ravines of Madonna delle Grazie
A rugged area of natural defense where the 28th (Māori) Battalion encountered harsh winter conditions and heavy German resistance.
Sangro River War Cemetery – Torino di Sangro
A solemn site where more than 350 New Zealand soldiers are buried. Essential stop for remembrance and reflection.
Day 2 – Cassino Battlefield Tour
A full-day experience exploring the role of New Zealand forces at Cassino.
Monte Cassino Abbey
Visit the historic monastery, symbol of the Gustav Line. Learn about its destruction and reconstruction.
New Zealand Memorial and War Cemetery
Dedicated to the fallen of the New Zealand Division. The cemetery holds the names of many who died in the March 1944 battles.
Key Battle Sites
Explore strongpoints such as the railway station, The Crypt, and Castle Hill, each with historical significance for New Zealand troops.
Stories of the 28th (Māori) Battalion
Detailed accounts of the Māori Battalion’s heroism and sacrifices during the Cassino campaign.
Contact Information
Dr. Danila Bracaglia – Historian and Certified Tour Guide
Phone: +39 338 2458831
Email: danila.bracaglia@gmail.com
The Battle of Orsogna – New Zealand’s Role in the Italian Campaign
Introduction
In late November 1943, the 2nd New Zealand Division advanced toward Orsogna after crossing the Sangro River. Perched on a ridge, the town was a key German defensive position.
Itinerary of the Battle
Initial Assault (2–3 December 1943)
The New Zealand Division launched its first attack expecting light resistance. However, German forces were well entrenched, resulting in intense combat. The Allies entered parts of Orsogna but were pushed back by counterattacks.
Operation Torso (7 December 1943)
This renewed assault involved the 23rd, 24th, and 28th (Māori) Battalions with armored support. The Māori Battalion captured the cemetery area, but the operation ultimately failed due to tough German defenses and worsening weather.
Subsequent Engagements (8–24 December 1943)
Continued attacks and skirmishes were met with resistance. Terrain and winter weather severely limited Allied success.
Key Points of the Battle
Strategic Importance of Orsogna
Its location gave the Germans control over nearby valleys and made it essential to the Winter Line defense.
Role of the 28th (Māori) Battalion
The battalion fought with distinction during Operation Torso and is remembered for its bravery and determination.
Challenges Faced by New Zealand Forces
Steep terrain, fortified positions, and poor weather created major obstacles for the advancing troops.
German Defensive Tactics
German forces used terrain to their advantage, building strong positions and launching effective counterattacks that delayed Allied progress.
Ready to walk in the footsteps of New Zealand heroes in Italy?
Book your private WWII battlefield tour with expert historian Dr. Danila Bracaglia.