85TH CUSTER DIVISION

The Custer Division - Forged in Battle: The 85th Infantry Division’s Heroic Push from Minturno to Rome - Key WWII Battlefields in Italy

Before delving into the detailed actions of the 85th Division, it is important to clarify a common misconception. Although Operation Diadem is often referred to as the second battle of Cassino, the 85th Division did not fight in the Cassino area. Instead, they operated along the western coastal sector, starting from Minturno, which is located approximately 60 kilometers from Cassino, and advancing north toward Rome.

Overview of the 85th Division - The Custer Division - WWII History and Key Battles in Italy The 85th Infantry Division was nicknamed the "Custer Division" in honor of General George Armstrong Custer, symbolizing bravery and fighting spirit.

The division was composed of three distinct regiments, each with its own identity and combat style:

• 337th Infantry Regiment - "Rock of the 85th": Known for its resilience and steadfastness in the face of fierce enemy resistance.

• 338th Infantry Regiment - "The Iron Men": Recognized for their relentless offensive tactics and ability to hold critical positions.

• 339th Infantry Regiment - "Polar Bears": Originally formed for service in arctic conditions, this regiment adapted to the rugged Italian terrain with exceptional tenacity.

Western Coastal Sector - Key Actions, Strategic Significance, and Santa Maria Infante - WWII Combat Operations and Battlefield Tours

The Western Coastal Sector was a critical component of the Allied push to break through the Gustav Line and advance toward Rome. Unlike the more heavily fortified Cassino area, the coastal sector presented different challenges, including rugged terrain, coastal marshes, and strategically significant towns that controlled access routes to Rome.

Santa Maria Infante and Surrounding Hills (May 11-12, 1944): The 337th Regiment faced a series of fierce engagements near Santa Maria Infante, a strategic hilltop town that served as a German observation post and artillery position. Key terrain features such as S Ridge, Hill 131, and Hill 120 became intense battlegrounds. The regiment utilized mortar teams and direct infantry assaults to dislodge the German defenders, suffering significant casualties but ultimately securing the high ground and paving the way for the advance toward Minturno.

Minturno (May 12-13, 1944): Strategically located near the Garigliano River, Minturno was a formidable German defensive position. The 85th Division’s 337th Regiment led the assault, using coordinated artillery barrages and infantry tactics to break through well-entrenched German positions, allowing the division to push forward.

Formia and Gaeta (May 13-16, 1944): After seizing Minturno, the 338th Regiment advanced toward Formia and Gaeta. Both towns were heavily fortified by the German 71st Infantry Division, requiring close-quarter combat and urban warfare tactics. The 339th Regiment provided crucial flank protection, ensuring the advance remained uninterrupted.

Itri and Fondi (May 18-19, 1944): The capture of these two towns was vital to securing the corridor to the Liri Valley. The 337th Regiment engaged in fierce combat with German Panzergrenadier units, using anti-tank guns and mortars to neutralize armored threats.

Terracina (May 20-23, 1944): The 338th Regiment faced intense resistance as German forces used the mountainous terrain to delay the Allied advance. Artillery and air support played a crucial role in dislodging the defenders, enabling the division to secure Terracina.

Approach to Rome (June 1-4, 1944): As the 85th Division advanced, they encountered rearguard actions by German forces attempting to delay the Allied push toward Rome. The 337th Regiment led the final assault, entering Rome on June 4, 1944, amidst scenes of jubilation from the liberated Italian populace.

Customized Battlefield Tours - WWII Italy Tours: Minturno, Santa Maria Infante, Gaeta, Terracina, and More If you are interested in tracing the exact paths of specific regiments or even companies within the 85th Division, we offer personalized battlefield tours. Each battalion had its own distinct character and combat experiences, and they were often referred to by their numerical designations and unique monikers. For a personalized battlefield tour, contact Danila Bracaglia at danila.bracaglia@gmail.com or via WhatsApp at +39 338 2458831.

Legacy of the 85th Division - From Minturno to Rome and Beyond: The Custer Division’s WWII Campaign

After the liberation of Rome, the 85th Division continued its advance northward through Italy, engaging in several key battles, including the Arno River crossings, the Gothic Line, and the Po Valley Campaign. By the time of the German surrender in May 1945, the 85th Division had earned a reputation as one of the most effective American infantry divisions in the Italian Campaign, demonstrating versatility, resilience, and exceptional combat effectiveness.